Mac utilities and security tools: disk, system, passwords
Sixteen macOS utilities installable via Homebrew: archivers, uninstallers, system monitors, battery and disk analysis, keyboard remapping, automation, update checkers, password managers and an outbound firewall.
These are the apps that answer "where did my disk space go", "why is the fan on", and "what is this process talking to". None of them are exciting; all of them get installed on the second day of owning a Mac.
Archives and uninstalling
macOS opens .zip and nothing else. The Unarchiver and Keka both fix that; Keka is actively developed and also creates archives, The Unarchiver is the older set-and-forget option.
AppCleaner exists because dragging an app to the Trash leaves its preferences, caches and launch agents behind. That residue is usually harmless and occasionally the reason a reinstalled app keeps its broken settings.
Knowing what the machine is doing
Stats and iStat Menus both put CPU, memory, network and temperature in the menu bar. Stats is free and open source, iStat Menus is paid and more detailed — the honest advice is to start with Stats and only pay if you find yourself wanting something it does not show.
coconutBattery reads the battery's actual design capacity against its current one, which is the number that tells you whether a slow Mac needs a battery or a reinstall. DaisyDisk and GrandPerspective both visualise disk usage; DaisyDisk is paid and prettier, GrandPerspective is free and shows the same truth.
OnyX runs maintenance scripts and rebuilds caches. It is the tool people reach for after a bad update, and worth knowing exists before you need it.
Remapping and automation
Karabiner-Elements remaps keys at the driver level, which is how Caps Lock becomes Escape and how an external keyboard stops behaving like a different keyboard. BetterTouchTool does the same for trackpad gestures and window snapping. Amphetamine keeps the Mac awake without the caffeinate command.
Passwords and outbound traffic
1Password and Bitwarden are the same category with a different trust model: 1Password is a paid product with a polished macOS client, Bitwarden is open source with a free tier and a self-hosting option. Both are enormously better than reusing passwords, which remains the actual threat.
LuLu is the one people do not know they want: it alerts on outbound connections, so you find out when an app phones home. macOS has no built-in equivalent — the firewall in System Settings only filters incoming traffic.
The Unarchiver is an extractor that just works: opens RAR, 7-Zip, tar.gz, ISO, and even ancient PowerPC-era formats. Replaces the built-in "Archive Utility" and stays out of your way. Free forever.
brew install --cask the-unarchiver- Opens RAR, 7z, tar, and a dozen formats the built-in macOS archiver does not understand
- Gets filename encodings right in older archives — readable names instead of mojibake
- Free and install-once: from then on archives open with a double click
- Handles multi-volume archives starting from the first part
Can The Unarchiver create archives?
No, extraction only — a deliberate limit. For creating archives with encryption or split volumes, use Keka.
What about password-protected archives?
It asks for the password during extraction. If the archive uses an encryption scheme it does not support, Keka is the fallback.
Keka is for when you need to create, not open, an archive: 7z/zip/tar compression with AES-256 encryption, volume splitting, and exclusion of junk like .DS_Store. Free from the developer's site; the App Store version costs a token support fee.
brew install --cask keka- Creates and extracts archives: 7z, zip, tar, gzip — both directions, unlike The Unarchiver
- Password encryption with AES-256 and hidden filenames inside the archive
- Splits a large archive into volumes of any size
- Open source, distributed free from the developer's site
Why is Keka paid on the App Store and free on the site?
It is a way to support the developer: the builds are identical and the App Store purchase is a voluntary donation. Homebrew installs the free build from the site.
Keka or The Unarchiver?
If you only open other people's archives, The Unarchiver is enough. If you pack, encrypt, and split them, Keka. Many keep both: one for double-click extraction, one for creating.
AppCleaner solves the eternal macOS problem: dragging an app to Trash leaves gigabytes of caches and plist files behind. Drop an app onto AppCleaner and it finds every related file, offering one list to delete. Small, free, indispensable.
brew install --cask appcleaner- Finds and removes the support files an app leaves in Library after you trash it
- Drop an icon on the window and see every related file before deleting
- Watch mode notices Finder deletions and offers to clean up the leftovers
- Free, tiny, and does not demand full disk access for marketing reasons
Will AppCleaner free up much space?
Usually tens to hundreds of megabytes per app: caches, preferences, logs. Gigabytes only come from heavyweights like IDEs and video editors — but the system stays free of dead apps' debris.
Is it safe to delete everything it lists?
Review the list: files shared between several apps from the same vendor occasionally show up. Untick licence settings and project data if you might come back to the app.
OnyX is a macOS maintenance veteran: cleans system caches, rebuilds Spotlight and LaunchServices indexes, runs maintenance scripts, and exposes hundreds of hidden settings. Each macOS version has its own build — download the exact match for your system.
brew install --cask onyx- Collects system maintenance in one window: cache cleaning, database rebuilds, disk verification
- Exposes hidden Finder, Dock, and Safari settings without terminal commands
- A separate build per macOS version — it refuses to run on the wrong one instead of guessing
- Free, and around for two decades
Is cleaning the system with tools like this risky?
OnyX runs macOS's own maintenance routines, but clearing caches always means some data has to be rebuilt — apps start slower right afterwards. Begin with maintenance tasks rather than mass deletion.
Do I need a new version after upgrading macOS?
Yes, always: builds are tied to the OS release. The old version simply refuses to launch on a newer macOS — that is a safeguard, not a bug.
Stats is a free menu-bar system monitor: CPU/GPU load, memory, disk, network speed, temperatures, and fan RPM. Lightweight, open source, with Notification Center widgets. Covers 95% of what iStat Menus charges for.
brew install --cask stats- CPU, memory, network, disk, and temperature right in the menu bar
- See a build eating all the RAM without opening Activity Monitor
- Completely free and open source, no subscriptions or accounts
- Every module can be enabled and styled separately, down to the graph appearance
Stats or iStat Menus?
Stats is free and covers basic monitoring. iStat Menus is paid but offers finer sensors, history, and well-designed alerts. Start with Stats — for many people it is the permanent answer.
Does the monitor itself load the system?
The overhead is minimal, and the polling interval is configurable: raise it and keep only the modules you need if you want to be strict about it.
iStat Menus is the gold standard of macOS monitoring: load history, per-process detail, per-core sensors, and weather on the side. Every pixel is configurable. When free Stats isn't enough and you want perfect graphs — this is money well spent.
brew install --cask istat-menus- Detailed sensors: individual cores, every fan, component temperatures, a day of history
- Conditional alerts — on overheating or unusual network activity, for example
- Weather, calendar, and other time zones in the same menu bar items
- Carefully designed graphs that read at a glance
One-time purchase or subscription?
The licence is bought once per major version; moving to the next major version is a separate discounted upgrade. A trial is available.
Does it read sensors on Apple Silicon?
Yes, including temperature and power draw, though the available sensor set differs from Intel — some readings familiar from older Macs simply do not exist there.
coconutBattery shows what Apple hides: current maximum capacity versus factory, cycle count, and the Mac's manufacture date. Plug in an iPhone to see its battery too. The first check when buying a used MacBook.
brew install --cask coconutbattery- Shows real battery capacity against the factory figure — an honest answer to "is it time for a new battery"
- Charge cycles, device age, and current charging wattage
- Reads the battery health of a connected iPhone or iPad in the same window
- The free version is enough for a one-off diagnosis
At what wear level should I replace the battery?
Apple treats around 80% capacity at 1000 cycles as normal for current MacBooks. Capacity well below that at a low cycle count is a reason to visit service — and a coconutBattery screenshot helps the conversation.
What does the paid version add?
Measurement history, background monitoring, and notifications. Checking your battery once needs none of that.
Karabiner-Elements is a low-level key remapper: Caps Lock to Esc/Ctrl, per-device layouts for external keyboards, layers, and community-made "complex modifications". Essential for ergonomic and custom keyboards, and for anyone migrating from Windows.
brew install --cask karabiner-elements- Remaps any key at system level — including Caps Lock, which finally becomes useful
- Different layouts for the built-in and external keyboards: a PC keyboard gets sane ⌘ and ⌥
- Complex rules: a key can behave differently on tap and on hold
- Free, open source, and the long-standing standard for keyboard remapping on the Mac
Why does it need driver-level permissions?
Karabiner intercepts keyboard events before the system does, so it installs an extension and asks for approval in Security settings. Remapping at this level is impossible otherwise — and permissions like these deserve a conscious decision.
Can I make Caps Lock a second Escape?
Yes — it is the most popular rule and takes a couple of clicks: tap for Escape, hold for a modifier. Vim users usually start exactly here.
BetterTouchTool turns your trackpad, mouse, and Touch Bar into a system remote: custom gestures for any action, custom buttons, window snap areas, screen-corner triggers. Paid, included in Setapp. So powerful you'll lose an evening to configuration.
brew install --cask bettertouchtool- Custom trackpad and mouse gestures: a three-finger swipe can do anything, up to running a script
- Window management, hotkeys, and action sequences in one app
- Touch Bar customisation and your own menu bar widgets
- Rules bind to specific apps — one gesture behaves differently in a browser and an editor
Is it overkill if I already run Rectangle?
If all you want is window tiling, yes — Rectangle is simpler and free. People buy BetterTouchTool for gestures and automation: it replaces several utilities at once.
How does the licence work?
A one-time purchase with updates for a defined period, or a subscription for perpetual updates; it is also part of Setapp. A full trial is available.
Amphetamine keeps your Mac awake: one-click activation, timed sessions or "while the file downloads", triggers on running apps and connected displays. Completely free, no ads or subscriptions — the spiritual heir to the Caffeine utility.
brew install --cask amphetamine- Keeps the Mac awake through a long build, upload, or presentation — one menu bar toggle
- Conditional sessions: while a process runs, while an external display is attached, while an app is open
- Timers so you never forget to switch it back off
- Entirely free, with no ads and no subscription
Why not just use the caffeinate command?
caffeinate does the same thing and needs no install — but it lives in an open terminal window. Amphetamine adds conditions, timers, triggers, and a menu bar switch, which makes it practical to use every day.
Will the Mac overheat if it never sleeps?
Preventing sleep creates no load by itself — whatever is running does. But the display and disks stay out of power saving, so a session on battery drains noticeably faster.
KeepingYouAwake is an ultra-lightweight, open-source Caffeine clone built for modern macOS: prevents sleep with a single click on its coffee cup menu bar icon. Features preset timers, battery deactivation rules, and native dark mode support without bloat.
brew install --cask keepingyouawake- Prevents Mac from sleeping with a single click on the coffee cup menu bar icon
- Ultra-lightweight open-source modern successor to Caffeine without bloated preference panes
- Convenient timer presets (from 5 minutes to indefinitely)
- Automatic deactivation on low battery threshold to prevent unexpected shutdowns
How does KeepingYouAwake differ from Amphetamine?
Amphetamine provides intricate triggers based on processes, displays, and Wi-Fi networks, with a denser configuration menu. KeepingYouAwake focuses on the pure essential: one click to caffeinate, featherweight memory footprint, and simplicity.
Is it safe to keep the Mac awake with the lid closed?
If connected to an external display and charger, macOS enters standard clamshell mode. However, keeping it active inside a closed bag or sleeve is discouraged to prevent heat buildup.
LocalSend is an open-source cross-platform AirDrop alternative: shares files, directories, and clipboard text over local Wi-Fi between Mac, Windows, Linux, Android, and iOS. Requires no accounts, cloud services, or external internet connection — transfers are direct and encrypted with HTTPS.
brew install --cask localsend- Instant transfer of files, directories, and text between Mac, Windows, Linux, Android, and iOS
- No internet required: transfers happen over your local Wi-Fi network at full router bandwidth
- Complete privacy: direct peer-to-peer delivery without third-party servers, tracking, or cloud storage
- End-to-end encrypted transfers via HTTPS and transparent open-source code
Why use LocalSend over native AirDrop?
AirDrop is locked to the Apple ecosystem. LocalSend lets you effortlessly transfer heavy videos, raw photos, and zip archives from your Mac to Android phones, Windows workstations, or Linux boxes without cloud middlemen.
Does it require an account or registration?
No, there are zero logins, accounts, or phone numbers. Devices connected to the same Wi-Fi or subnet discover each other automatically.
ForkLift is an advanced dual-pane file manager and remote transfer client for macOS. Enables fluid file management, connecting to SFTP, WebDAV, SMB, and Amazon S3, batch renaming with regex, and two-way directory synchronization. A powerhouse Finder upgrade for power users.
brew install --cask forklift- Classic dual-pane layout for swift keyboard-driven file operations and directory management
- Integrated remote storage client: SFTP, FTP, WebDAV, Amazon S3, Google Drive, and Backblaze B2
- Robust batch file renamer with regex support, tag replacements, and live preview
- Two-way folder synchronization with conflict resolution and dry-run reviews
Can ForkLift replace the default Finder?
Yes, ForkLift can be configured as the default file manager to handle opening directories, while native Finder remains undisturbed under the hood.
Does it support mounting remote volumes into the system?
Yes, the ForkLiftDisk companion module mounts remote SFTP servers and S3 buckets into the macOS virtual file system, making remote files accessible from any app.
KeyCastr is an open-source visualizer for on-screen keystrokes and hotkey combinations. Indispensable for screencasts, tutorials, streaming, and coding demos, letting viewers instantly see every shortcut. Highly customizable fonts, colors, display timing, and screen positioning.
brew install --cask keycastr- Real-time on-screen visualization of keystrokes and keyboard shortcuts
- Indispensable companion for screencasts, coding tutorials, live streaming, and demos
- Extensive visual styling: customize typography, badge sizes, colors, and fade duration
- Option to capture only modifier combinations (Cmd, Option, Ctrl, Shift) to reduce clutter
Does KeyCastr compromise password security?
KeyCastr stores nothing and transmits zero data over the network. Furthermore, macOS secure input mode automatically suppresses keystroke broadcast events inside password fields.
Can I suppress regular typing and show only shortcuts?
Yes, enabling "Only display command keys" in preferences limits on-screen displays exclusively to hotkeys involving modifier combinations.
Latest is a unified update center for macOS: it scans App Store apps, Homebrew casks, and apps with their own updaters (Sparkle), showing everything in one list with "Update" buttons. No more opening each app to check its version.
brew install --cask latest- Checks for updates to apps installed outside the App Store — the ones that stay quiet about new versions
- Shows the changelog before updating, not after
- Updates in a batch instead of making you open every app in turn
- Free and open source
Do I need it if everything came from Homebrew?
No: brew outdated and brew upgrade cover exactly this for casks. Latest earns its place when some apps were downloaded by hand from vendor sites.
Does it update apps on its own?
Updates run on your command — it never touches software unasked. That is deliberate: silent auto-updates and a suddenly broken work tool tend to travel together.
GrandPerspective draws your disk as a treemap: every file is a rectangle sized proportionally. Big caches, forgotten VMs, and old backups pop out instantly. A free, spartan DaisyDisk alternative.
brew install --cask grandperspective- Draws the disk as a map of rectangles sized by file — the culprit behind a full disk is visible at a glance
- Fast, with no subscription and no account
- Can scan a single folder instead of the whole volume
- Open source and modest about the permissions it asks for
GrandPerspective or DaisyDisk?
GrandPerspective is free and answers the same question — what is eating the space. DaisyDisk is paid, prettier, and smoother at deleting what it finds. The difference is finish, not outcome.
Why are parts of the disk skipped?
System folders and other users' data need extra permissions. Grant full disk access in Privacy settings, or scan your home folder — that is where the problem usually lives anyway.
DaisyDisk is the most beautiful disk analyzer: an interactive sunburst chart shows where space went, and file previews let you delete right from the app. Scans external drives and cloud storage. One-time purchase.
brew install --cask daisydisk- A sunburst chart of the disk you can drill into folder by folder with single clicks
- What you find goes into a collector and is deleted in one action after review
- Scanning stays fast even on multi-terabyte drives
- Reveals hidden space taken by the system and Time Machine snapshots
What is the "hidden space" in the report?
Usually local Time Machine snapshots and system data that macOS reclaims by itself when needed. There is no need to delete it manually — the space comes back when something asks for it.
Worth paying when free alternatives exist?
Free GrandPerspective answers the same question. People buy DaisyDisk for scan speed, clarity, and two-step safe deletion. You are buying comfort, not capability.
1Password is the reference password manager: stores not just logins but SSH keys (with an agent!), documents, 2FA codes, and infrastructure secrets. Browser and terminal integration, Watchtower monitors breaches. Subscription-only, but the best pick for teams and families.
brew install --cask 1password- Keeps passwords, passkeys, and SSH keys in one encrypted vault
- The SSH agent supplies keys to git and servers without copying files between machines
- Browser and app autofill removes the temptation to invent passwords yourself
- Shared vaults for a team with separate permissions
Is it safe to keep SSH keys in a password manager?
With the built-in agent the private key never sits on disk in the clear, and every use is confirmed biometrically. That is markedly safer than an unencrypted id_ed25519 in ~/.ssh.
1Password or Bitwarden?
1Password is paid, with a more polished interface and developer integrations. Bitwarden is free, open source, and can be self-hosted. Both solve the core problem; the choice is polish versus openness.
Bitwarden is an open-source password manager: the free tier fully covers personal needs, and the server can be self-hosted. Clients for every platform, 2FA and passkeys included. The UI is simpler than 1Password's, but trust comes from transparent code.
brew install --cask bitwarden- A free tier with no limit on passwords or devices
- Open source with regular third-party security audits
- Can be self-hosted so you do not depend on someone else's cloud
- Clients for every platform and browser, including a CLI for scripts
What does the paid tier add?
Vault health reports, a built-in one-time code generator, emergency access, and attachments. Core password storage and sync stay free.
Should I self-host?
Only if maintaining infrastructure is already a habit: your own server means your backups, your updates, and your responsibility for uptime. For most people the vendor cloud is the safer option.
KeePassXC is the prime choice for privacy-conscious users who reject proprietary clouds: the vault lives in a local .kdbx file protected with AES-256 or ChaCha20 encryption. It supports YubiKey hardware keys, browser autofill via extensions, built-in TOTP generation, and acts as an SSH agent. Zero subscriptions, zero telemetry, zero cloud lock-in.
brew install --cask keepassxc- Total control: your database lives locally as an encrypted .kdbx file
- Hardware key security with YubiKey (HMAC-SHA1 challenge-response)
- Built-in TOTP code generator and native SSH agent integration
- No subscriptions, accounts, ads, or reliance on remote servers
How do I sync passwords between devices without a built-in cloud?
You can sync the .kdbx file via your preferred storage: Synology Drive, Nextcloud, iCloud Drive, Syncthing, or local network shares. KeePassXC safely handles database merges when changes occur on multiple devices.
Does autofill work in Mac browsers?
Yes, the official KeePassXC-Browser extension works with Chrome, Firefox, Brave, and Edge. It connects to the desktop app via a secure local Unix socket with no internet access needed.
LuLu is an outbound firewall from Objective-See: shows which program connects where and blocks at your decision. Helps catch nosy apps and telemetry. Completely free; the paid Little Snitch offers more flexible rules.
brew install --cask lulu- Shows which app is reaching out and where — outbound connections stop being invisible
- Rules are set once and then work silently
- Free and open source, from a macOS security researcher
- Sends nothing about your traffic anywhere — all analysis is local
How is it different from the built-in macOS firewall?
The system firewall governs incoming connections. LuLu watches outgoing ones — the path an app would use to send data out. Different jobs, and they complement each other.
Will the prompts drive me mad?
The first couple of days are busy while rules form for your usual apps. After that the window appears rarely — and the rare case is usually the interesting one.